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Care and Durability Factors by The Gem Reference Guide, Published by the Gemological Institute of America
Ultrasonic: Usually Safe
Steamer: Never
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction to Heat: Abrupt temperature changes likely to cause fracturing
Stability to Light: Stable
Reaction to Chemicals: Virtually none, very slightly attacked by concentrated hydrofluoric acid.
Ultrasonic: Usually Safe
Steamer: Risky
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Strong Heat Turns Stone Colorless, Or May Produce A Citrine Or Green Color; However, Gentle Heating May Lighten The Color. Abrupt Temperature Change May Fracture Stone.
Stability To Light: Some Stones May Fade
Reaction To Chemicals: Soluble In Hydrofluoric Acid And Ammonium Floride; Very Slightly Soluble In Alkalies.
Ultrasonic: Usually Safe, Unless Stone Contains Feathers Or Liquid Inclusions
Steamer: Usually Safe, Unless Stone Contains Feathers Or Liquid Inclusions
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Generally Not Heat Sensitive Unless Contains Liquid Inclusions
Stability To Light: Stable
Reaction To Chemicals: Attacked By Hydrofluoric Acid
Ultrasonic: Usually Safe, Unless Contains Feathers
Steamer: Usually Safe, Unless Contains Feathers
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Begins To Vaporize In Oxygen-Rich Atmosphere At 690 C To 875 C
Stability To Light: Stable
Reaction To Chemicals: None
Ultrasonic: Never
Steamer: Never
Warm Soapy Water: Generally Safe, But Avoid Strong Detergents And Vigorous Scrubbing On Oiled Stones
Reaction To Heat: May Cause Additional Fracturing Or Compete Breakage
Stability To Light: Stable, Except Possible Fading In Stones Treated With Green Oil
Reaction To Chemicals: Resistant To All Acids Except Hydrofluoric; Solvents May Drive Out Oil
Ultrasonic: Never
Steamer: Never
Wipe With Very Soft Cloth After Each Wearing
Warm Soapy Water: Safe For More Thorough Cleaning (If Strung, Be Sure String Is Completely Dry Before Wearing)
Reaction To Heat: Excessive Heat, Such As Open Flame, May Cause Pearls To Burn, Turn Brown, Split, Or Crack.
Stability To Light: Stable
Reaction To Chemicals: Attacked By All Acids; Acid Perspiration, Perfume, Or Hairspray Also Attacks Nacre
Ultrasonic: Usually Safe, But Never For Oiled Stones
Steamer: Usually Safe, But Never For Oiled Stones
Warm Soapy Water: Safe, But Avoid Strong Detergents And Vigorous Scrubbing On Oiled Stones
Reaction To Heat: Sometimes Improves Color
Stability To Light: Stable
Reaction To Chemicals: Attacked With Difficulty
Ultrasonic: Risky
Steamer: Never
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Uneven Or Rapid Heat May Cause Fracturing Or Complete Breakage
Stability To Light: Stable
Reaction To Chemicals: Acid Perspiration Of Some People May Attack Over A Long Period Of Time.
Ultrasonic: Usually Safe
Steamer: Usually Safe
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Sometimes Improves Color, But May Cause Loss Of Color
Stability To Light: Stable, Except For Irradiated Yellow And Orange Sapphires
Reaction To Chemicals: Attacked With Difficulty
Ultrasonic: Never
Steamer: Never
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Sudden Changes In Temperature May Cause Opals To Crack, Craze, Or Fracture; Overheating Will Turn Most Opals White Or Brownish, And Play-Of-Color Will Disappear
Stability To Light: Stable
Reaction To Chemicals: Attacked By Hydrofluoric Acid And Caustic Alkalies
Ultrasonic: Never
Steamer: Never
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Rapid Heating Or Cooling Will Cause Internal Breaks; Strong Heat May Alter Or Destroy Color
Stability To Light: Some Brown Stones Fade
Reaction To Chemicals: Affected Very Slightly
Ultrasonic: Never
Steamer: Never
Warm Soapy Water: Safe
Reaction To Heat: Fuses Under Jewelers Torch; Sudden Temperature Changes (Heating Or Cooling) May Cause Cracking
Stability To Light: Stable
Reaction To Chemicals: Attacked By Hydrochloric And Hydrofluoric Acid
